![]() It was later referenced in their later track "Say I Yi Yi" (2002), in which the lyrics "she got her hands up on her knees and her elbows on her thighs / she like to twerk and that's for certain I can tell that she fly" are heard. Twerking first received national recognition in the United States in the early 2000s, when the song "Whistle While You Twurk" (2000), by Southern hip hop duo Ying Yang Twins, peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs component chart. Twerking can also be seen in Destiny's Child’s 2001 video Bootylicious, in 2003 Beyoncé’s video Crazy in Love and in Eminem's 2005 in Ass Like That video. Popular video-sharing platforms such as YouTube amplified interest since the advent of digital social media. The diffusion of the dance phenomenon began earlier via local parties and eventually strip clubs often associated with mainstream rap music and video production aired by video cable television shows that featured rap music and R&B music. In 1992, Panama singer Renato recorded the videoclip "El más sensual" (the most sexy), a reggae song with the twerking dance. In 1990, the introduction of bounce music into the New Orleans music scene brought along the dance. Merriam-Webster gives the definition as a "sexually suggestive dancing characterized by rapid, repeated hip thrusts and shaking of the buttocks especially while squatting". ![]() The Oxford English Dictionary defines twerking as dancing "in a sexually provocative manner, using thrusting movements of the bottom and hips while in a low, squatting stance". ![]() A Google Trends search reveals that interest in the word "twerk" arose in November 2011. The word became popular in the 2000s, when it was used by Atlanta rapper Lil Jon and The East Side Boyz. However, a possible earlier use is in Funkadelic's 1979 song (Not Just) Knee Deep, which contains the lyrics "It didn't twerk, no" (often misquoted as "It didn't work, no") at 1 minutes 20 seconds. On record, the 1993 song "Do the Jubilee All" by DJ Jubilee - which contains the lyrics "Twerk baby, twerk baby, twerk, twerk, twerk" - has been cited as its earliest use. The word is said to have originated from the inner-city of New Orleans and was used frequently in New Orleans bounce music by rappers and DJ hosting block parties in the housing projects. The earliest use of the word is unclear, but according to Tyler Vendetti, " Twerk has technically been around since the 1820s, first appearing in the form twirk. Local bounce practitioners attribute the term to a contraction of "to work" ("t'work" or, spelled as it's pronounced, "twerk"). The Oxford Dictionaries blog states, "the most likely theory is that it is an alteration of work, because that word has a history of being used in similar ways, with dancers being encouraged to "work it". The Oxford English Dictionary defines an 18th-century use of the word as a blend of "twist" and "jerk" (or "twitch"), which was reported by the BBC in conjunction with the black cultural context, but this seems to be an erroneous connection or a false cognate. In 2013, it became the top "what is" search on the Google search engine following pop artist Miley Cyrus performing the dance at the MTV Video Music Awards. Twerking is but one choreographic gesture within bounce.Īs a tradition shaped by local aid and pleasure clubs, block parties and second lines, the dance was central to "a historical situating of sissy bounce-bounce music as performed by artists from the New Orleans African-American community that a meteoric rise in popularity post-." In the 90s, twerking had widespread appeal in black party culture throughout the hip-hop/rap region known as The Dirty South, including New Orleans, Memphis, Virginia Beach, Miami, Atlanta, and Houston. ![]() Moves include "mixing", "exercising", the "bend over", the "shoulder hustle", "clapping", "booty clapping", "booty poppin", and "the wild wood"-all recognized as booty shaking or bounce. Twerking is part of a larger set of characteristic moves unique to the New Orleans style of hip-hop known as "bounce". Individually performed chiefly but not exclusively by women, performers dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving throwing or thrusting their hips back or shaking their buttocks, often in a low squatting stance. Twerking (/ˈtwɜːrkɪŋ/ possibly from 'to work') is a type of dance that came out of the bounce music scene of New Orleans in the late 1980s. ![]() A woman twerking to Big Freedia in a contest in 2014 ![]()
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